Sunday, February 22, 2009

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SUSTAINABLE PEACE FOR ACEH

I spent the last few days traveling across Aceh, from West coast through the hinterland, passed the jungle, and spent 3 days in Banda Aceh for office business, stayed over night in Sigli, Pidie, and than returned to Meulaboh. It was a business trip actually, but, you know, working in the field of justice and peace (which means that we are dealing with various kinds of injustice and conflicts), we have to combine work with recreation; otherwise we will trapped in the middle of frustration and unable to see “the future” beyond the existing problems.

I always enjoy traveling across Aceh. The panorama is wonderful: the rainforest, rice-field, big rivers, the peaceful villages with people working in their garden or walking in slow pace to mosques in a praying time.

Aceh is one of the richest region of this country. Besides its golds, oil and gas, the land is very fertile. You can find almost everything here.

In Saree, about 70 kms from Banda A ceh, we sow a farmer is harvesting papaya in his garden. We stopped and chat with him for a while, and then he offered us two riped big papayas to enjoy. For free. And you know, it is a must of a traveler to accept all offers of local people. In Jakarta you have to spent more that Rp. 40.000 for that kind of papaya.

In Tangse, one of the worst conflict zone in the past, we found very cheap durians. We paid Rp. 200.000 and the seller gave us all durians he has. Four of us enjoyed the durians at the site (I think I have 3 or 4); and than still take about 25 into our car. Wonderful.

Sitting by the road, with the stomachs full of durian, we are wondering about the fate of this luxurious region in the past. Why did people create conflicts and destroy this heaven with violences? Why not just let everything flow and enjoy all the blessings from the heaven? Looking from peace point of view, 30 years of conflicts and violences in Aceh is useless, stupid, and really unreasonable. Why did Jakarta authorities send troops to Aceh and why did the Acehnese struggle with violence. Finally we solve the problem with compromise, with peace accord, with a very simple way of solving problem: dialog and find consensus.

We continued our trip to Meulaboh. Along the road, there are a lot of flags of political parties; dominated by Partai Aceh, the party of ex-combatant groups. The situation is heating up now as the general elections draw closer. Polarizations among Acehnese communities and groups are getting bigger. Elites are competing for political position, while the society are boxed into groups.

Let’s hope for the best that the election will be successfully implemented, no violence happened, and all conflicts can be settled through peaceful political process. We hope that all stakeholders, both Indonesian authorities and the people of Aceh, are learning from the 30 years of stupid conflict that violence never solve the problem. It is dialog that lead us to peace, everlasting peace.

Call for Peace in Central Aceh Falls to Deaf Ears

“There is no way to peace; peace is the way.”
(A. J. Muste)

One might wonder why after the long and winding road to reach the peace pact between the Government of Indonesia and the Free Aceh Movement, which signed in Helsinki, Finland on August 25, 2005– after the loss of hundred thousands Acehnese by the impact of earthquake and tsunami–violence still occur between groups in Aceh. Currently Aceh is undergoing a new phase of peace building where former rebel has elected as governor and the province is granted special autonomy by Law of Government Aceh No.11/2006. The peace pact which previously conducted under the supervision of the Aceh Monitoring Mission thus an international body, has been transferred to Indonesian government and the local authorities therefore (ideally) all security matters are fall into the jurisdiction of police force as it is the only authority which mandated to protect the security of all civilians. However again in Central Aceh, we are witnessing that ‘security’ has been manipulated by particular groups to maintain their short-termed interests.
There were obvious evidence that militias were involved in the displacement of the locals and the creation of insecurity of civilians. Nonetheless the Indonesian authority denied the existence of such groups prior to the signing of Helsinki MoU but strangely militias are mentioned under the ones who have the rights to receive reintegration funds. Up to today the remnants of having such groups has created backlash where peace building is supposed to take place.

Recently the national newswire and local papers were shocked by another killing and arson took place in Takengon, a beautiful landscape with high altitude located at the downhill of Central Aceh District. The incident which took lives of 5 KPA members happened at Atu Lintang, approximately located 30 kms out of town on Saturday morning on March 1, 2008. The latest incident occurred following one which happened on February 29th, at 10.00AM in Kota Takengon, where employment dispute took place between IPT (Terminal Workers Group) and Komite Peralihan Aceh (KPA) that resulted attack of 3 (some sources mentioned 4) KPA members. The latest news pictured less of crowd near the incident location and that police were on guard on the scene. The poor bodies of KPA (Aceh Transformation Commission/Komisi Peralihan Aceh) members have been evacuated to the nearest hospital however it was reported also that no further identification yet took place caused by heavy rain. Until today local sources informed that the police have already questioned 13 “witnesses” and one was considered as suspect.

The sad thing is that obviously the police in Central Aceh seemed not learnt anything from the history of violence in the area amidst former violence in 2002 where Central Aceh was polarised sharply during the height tension of armed conflict. Back in 2002 there was a failed international mediation to Aceh conflict. Takengon witnessed the burning of Joint Security Committee headquarter by militias following the flow of IDP s out of Central Aceh. Militia groups were established in order to maintain the areas within Indonesia’s territory thus transformed the armed conflict into one of intergroup conflict in the Gayo society, which is quite a multiethnic one, although it has been part of Aceh Sultanate in 16 century hence also part of Aceh Province.

There were obvious evidence that militias were involved in the displacement of the locals and the creation of insecurity of civilians. Nonetheless the Indonesian authority denied the existence of such groups prior to the signing of Helsinki MoU but strangely militias are mentioned under the ones who have the rights to receive reintegration funds. Up to today the remnants of having such groups has created backlash where peace building is supposed to take place. The latest incident once again proves that although many parties claimed that ‘violence between the two sides has ended’ there are still tones of issues that need to be addressed. Local tensions in Central Aceh included the stalling of reintegration funds, inequality of post conflict recovery projects in some areas, as well as the rivalries to welcome the next 2009 local election. The situation in Central Aceh also has been heightened by the call to form a separate province from Aceh.

Recent conversation via sms, email and phone to friends and sources in Banda Aceh and Takengon, from student activist, NGO worker, to member of BRA and KPA members; expressed their hopes that police is able to go thorough investigation in order to take the responsible parties into account. The expectation however seems ‘surreal’ if one understands the complex nature of society and politics in Central Aceh and its surroundings.

Specifically refer to the incident in Aceh Tengah, in my opinion we could not see this incident merely as spontaneous act which took by one group to another or merely seen as mass action from some groups of community to others. We must put the incident in line with the analytical view of broader sociological context of Central Aceh as an area which is undergoing peace process. We also must remember that peace pact was put into effect only upon the support of all Acehnese in the country and abroad whom have experienced the 30 years of suffer under the armed conflict. At least there are several requirements for peace agreement to work. There has been the successful mediation, the establishment of agency which transform the combatants into civilians, and the 2006 local election as a next step according to Helsinki agreement that opens the way for a democratic-led Aceh. Those have accomplished that in reality, now NGO s (local and international), BRA (Aceh reintegration Body), local government are the ones whom responsible in implementing the peace agreement.

One thing is clear that under the frame of sustainable peace building, local civilian authority, which included police force, must be aware that it is their responsibility to facilitate peaceful environment, by their ability to bridge communication among any groups from the grass root to the ‘elite’ level of society. Only with continuous dialogue on the importance to support the peace agreement among all level of Acehnese society, and not only via ceremonial events to celebrate peace pact or the disbursement of reintegration ‘projects’ that peace can be transformed into a more positive way which brings the ideal welfare to Aceh society in all districts.

Travel: Indonesia’s Forbidden Province












  • (Photo courtesy: HOTLI SIMANJUNTAK/ AFP)













A journey through North Aceh where crab and asparagus soup is as commonplace as machine gun.


Aceh—the word alone fires the imagination. Its history of wars, a tsunami that killed more than 150,000, Islamic law and multi-cultural roots from which blue-eyed, dark skinned beauties have sprung forth make for an extraordinary social mix.



Add to that lot the many years the province was closed to outsiders—as a sort of Indonesian Forbidden City— and the opportunity to visit the region becomes irresistible.


This writer recently had the opportunity and grabbed it with both hands—the only problem was I had not heard about the latest flare up of the Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM) or Free Aceh Movement—machine guns included. I was unwittingly heading into GAM heartland, Lhokseumawe, in North Aceh, about half-way between Medan and Banda Aceh; I also knew nothing about the dodol.


Dodol is a sweet made from jackfruit and is common throughout Indonesia— the Acehnese variety has an unexpected kick from the addition of a special herb not used in the rest of the country. As a Special Region, Aceh has its own laws that reflect its culture and includes a ban on alcohol; however, other products banned in the rest of the country are acceptable here.






"As teachers all we can do is give our students space to grieve when they must."

As for the GAM, despite a laying down of arms under the Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding in 2005, tensions are still high. The first night of my stay in the region was heralded by a machine gun attack on a political candidate’s office, just down the road. No one was injured in the attack, but people on the street warned that with the upcoming national elections, emotions will be strained and random violence will escalate.


During the six-hour drive from Medan, our driver, who plies the route to Lhokseumawe regularly, filled us in on the dangers we would face in North Aceh. He didn’t think it necessary to mention that travelling on the roads here is a near death experience; we were sandwiched between a bus and a truck and traveling at a high speed— time literally stopped as our car slipped between the two Goliaths with just a few centimetres between us and the grave.



“We have to get to Lhokseumawe before dark. The roads are way too dangerous at night. Kidnappings might start again. Last week a car in another city was blown up with a grenade,” the driver informed us.


When asked if it was safe to visit small villages, he shook his head and said: “I hope so.”


Residents of these small villages in the former separatist heartland aren’t shy about expressing disappointment in the current system and, given the history of machine gun diplomacy, say that the region grows more dangerous daily. These same villagers are also unfailingly friendly and welcoming.


It was a sort of back-handed comfort when a respected villager, possibly with former GAM associations, pointed out that I was perfectly safe, “because GAM knows you are here and is happy about it”.


This got me thinking about being born in the province. To say it has been a tough ride for the Acehenese is an understatement of massive proportions: For more than three decades the fiercely independent Acehenese fought Dutch colonialism in the 1900s; post 1945 they were on a collision course with Indonesia’s central government.


Fighting for an equitable share of the region’s priceless natural resources and, for some, the formation of a sovereign nation separate from the unitary state of Indonesia erupted in 1976.


During those long and heart breaking years many thousands disappeared, their fates still unknown. “That’s the bridge where the bodies were dumped. Victims from both sides in the conflict,” our driver said two hours outside of Lhokseumawe.


One young teacher, who was a daily witness to the conflict and sorry fate of her pupils, bares her compassion like an open wound. “After the tsunami I was working in West Aceh. I was a new teacher - it was 2005. One day I dropped my pen and the students fled; the sound of a pen dropping was enough to terrify them.


Here in Lhokseumawe I had one boy whose father disappeared during the conflict. He still does not know if his dad is alive or dead,” the teacher, who requested anonymity, said.



Her words echo the abyss of horror suffered by locals and the impossibility of it easing, except with time and tenderness. “As teachers all we can do is give our students space to grieve when they must.”


Like the people of so many other war-torn regions around the world, the people of Lhokseumawe make the best of what they have. Land-mine ridden Mozambique in Africa is famous for its joyous music that blasts from drums and speakers, thumbing its nose at death and disfigurement. Lhokseumawe celebrates life with food—meals in this most dangerous province are well worth risking life and limb to discover.


Come evening the streets of Lhokseumawe bustle with stoves, tables and plastic chairs set up as makeshift restaurants for the night’s feasting. This is street food that would knock many a French chef off his pedestal. We settled on Kota Intan on Jalan Sukaramai, which locals say is one of the best warung (stall) in the small city.


For starters we had the crab and asparagus soup—the crab was so fresh you could break a tooth on fragments of its carapace, delightful evidence that this as crab from the sea, not from a can. Next up was calamari with batter as light and crisp as a wafer. The deep-fried gourami fish shone like gold, its white flesh as moist as a kiss.


To get the oil to a temperature that transmutes this base batter into gold, the street-chef rolled the gas bottle with his foot to bump up the gas-pressure to an almost explosive level.


The oil flashed into life as the battered fish was submerged into this cauldron of burning oil—an exciting and terrifying vision of a master chef at work.


Fresh from the jungle is the main course of Mongolian venison or rusa. At US$3.50 for a meal like no other; the venison slices are as soft as butter and flash jungle scents across the palate as the slight gamey flavors mix with capsicum and greens.


In most countries a meal of venison will set you back a month’s wages, but here in Lhokseumawe its common fare.


A dining companion, at first loathe to nibble on Bambi, is wonder struck at the taste and tosses up the idea of quitting Jakarta and going bush in North Aceh so she can hunt down an inexhaustible supply of the delicacy.



Around the corner, another street chef was cooking up Roti Canai (flatbread) with curry. The Roti Canai here is as good as in Padang on Sumatra’s southwest coast—well known as the best in the country.


Despite elections, GAM and machine gun diplomacy, life goes on here in Aceh, celebrated daily over a fine meal with friends. (By TRISHA SERTORI/ The Jakarta Post/ AsiaNews)



source http://www.mysinchew.com/node/21246?tid=14

THE STATUS OF ACEH WITHIN INTERNATIONAL LAW

http://www.asnlf.com/asnlf_int/download/thelegalstatus/thelegalstatus.htm

or

http://www.asnlf.com/asnlf_int/download/thelegalstatus/the_legalstatus.pdf

101 East - Truth and reconciliation in Aceh -27 Amar 08- Pt2

101 East - Truth and reconciliation in Aceh -27 Amar 08- Pt1